ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin on flexural properties at different material thicknesses. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#Heat polymerized acrylic resin specimens (N = 120) were fabricated and divided into 4 groups according to denture base thickness (2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to nano-ZrO2 concentration (0%, 2.5%, and 5%). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point bending test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (α = .05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis and nanoparticles distributions. @*RESULTS@# Groups with 0% nano-ZrO2 showed no significant difference in the flexural strength as thickness decreased (P = .153). The addition of nano-zirconia significantly increased the flexural strength (P < .001). The highest value was with 5% nano-ZrO2 and 2 mm-thickness (125.4± 18.3 MPa), followed by 5% nano-ZrO2 and 1.5 mm-thickness (110.3 ± 8.5 MPa). Moreover, the effect of various concentration levels on elastic modulus was statistically significant for 2 mm thickness (P = .001), but the combined effect of thickness and concentration on elastic modulus was insignificant (P = .10). @*CONCLUSION@# Reinforcement of denture base material with nano-ZrO2 significantly increased flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Reducing material thickness did not decrease flexural strength when nano-ZrO2 was incorporated. In clinical practice, when low thickness of denture base material is indicated, PMMAano-ZrO2 could be used with minimum acceptable thickness of 1.5 mm.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO 2 ) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin on flexural properties at different material thicknesses. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#Heat polymerized acrylic resin specimens (N = 120) were fabricated and divided into 4 groups according to denture base thickness (2.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.0 mm). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to nano-ZrO2 concentration (0%, 2.5%, and 5%). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point bending test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc, and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (α = .05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis and nanoparticles distributions. @*RESULTS@# Groups with 0% nano-ZrO2 showed no significant difference in the flexural strength as thickness decreased (P = .153). The addition of nano-zirconia significantly increased the flexural strength (P < .001). The highest value was with 5% nano-ZrO2 and 2 mm-thickness (125.4± 18.3 MPa), followed by 5% nano-ZrO2 and 1.5 mm-thickness (110.3 ± 8.5 MPa). Moreover, the effect of various concentration levels on elastic modulus was statistically significant for 2 mm thickness (P = .001), but the combined effect of thickness and concentration on elastic modulus was insignificant (P = .10). @*CONCLUSION@# Reinforcement of denture base material with nano-ZrO2 significantly increased flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Reducing material thickness did not decrease flexural strength when nano-ZrO2 was incorporated. In clinical practice, when low thickness of denture base material is indicated, PMMAano-ZrO2 could be used with minimum acceptable thickness of 1.5 mm.
ABSTRACT
Background: Giardia lamblia, a flagellate protozoa, is a one of the most common causes of non-viral [parasitic] diarrheal illness in humans. Laboratory diagnosis mainly consists of direct microscopic examination of stool specimen for trophozoites and cysts. However, due to intermittent fecal excretion of the parasite, the patient may be misdiagnosed, continue excreting the parasite and infecting others. Therefore, other methods of diagnosis should be looked for, which overcome the drawbacks of microscopy when used alone for diagnosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of copro-antigen detection by ELISA test in comparison to direct microscopy in the diagnosis of G. lamblia in stool specimens from patients with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms
Patients and methods: stool samples were collected form 250 child included in the present study [150 symptomatic and 100 apparently healthy as a control group] aged between 1-10 years old, and subjected for direct microscopic examination and ELISA test for copro-antigen detection
Results: out of 250 stool samples, 53 specimens [21.2%] were positive for Giardia by direct microscopy, while 68 specimens [27.2%] were positive by ELISA test
Conclusion: ELISA test for copro-antigen detection in stool samples is a rapid and effective method with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of giardiasis in stool specimens even when the parasitic count is low, thus reducing the chances of missing even in the asymptomatic cases
ABSTRACT
Aim of the work: captopril protects against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicitity; however its potential modulatory effect on hemeoxygenase [HO]-1, antioxidants, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers has not yet been verified
Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control [saline], cisplatin [5 mg/kg; i.p], and captopril [60 and 100 mg/kg] given 5 days before and after cisplatin [5 mg/kg; i.p] treatment
Results: Five-day pre- and post-treatment with captopril [60 and 100 mg/kg; i.p], for a total of 10 days, dose dependently, reduced blood urea nitrogen, as well as serum creatinine and gamma glutamyl transferase, but serum albumin and total protein levels were increased. Captopril restored renal pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance by activating glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and boosting the renal glutathione content. These effects were accompanied by the reduction in serum and/or renal HO-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nitric oxide, endothelin-1 and caspase-3. Microscopically, captopril especially at 100 mg/kg dose level, prevented cisplatin-induced degenerative changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney
Conclusion: captopril protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic potentials
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitations. The etiology seems to be an interaction between genetic and environmental factors
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to identify the possible association of IL-13 [-1055 C/T] and CYP1A1 [MspI] gene polymorphisms with COPD in Egyptian patients and their relation to the severity of the disease
Methodology: Our study included 200 participants [100 COPD patients and 100 controls]. Pulmonary function tests were performed for patients, DNA extraction was done and the polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] for serum samples from all participants
Results: IL- 13 -1055 C/T polymorphism was significantly associated with COPD; CT and TT genotypes [P=0.01, 0.03 respectively] compared to CC genotype, with a significant association of the T allele with the disease [P=0.003], while CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism showed no significantly different distribution between patients and controls [P=0.11and 0.068 for CT and CC respectively], while, a significant association between the C [m2] allele and COPD was found [P=0.04]. IL-13 -1055 T allele and CYP1A1 MspI C [m2] allele were found to be significantly associated with more severe cases of COPD when compared to the less severe ones [P= 0.03 and 0.02, respectively]
Conclusions: IL-13 -1055 C/T polymorphism is associated with COPD, and the presence of IL-13 T allele and CYP1A1 MspI C [m2] allele are risk factors for developing more severe COPD
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology , Membrane Proteins , Interleukin-13/immunology , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , GenotypeABSTRACT
Background: Gastritis can be caused by many factors, one of them is drugs, and among these drugs is dexamethasone that has many uses in medicine. Dexamethasone prevent synthesis of gastric mucous barrier by surface epithelial cells, so the stomach wall will be injured by digestive enzymes and stomach HCl. Treatment of gastritis can be done by antisecretory drugs like H2 receptors blocker as ranitidine or by drugs that stimulate prostaglandins synthesize by surface epithelial cells of gastric mucosa to form the mucous barrier like rebamipide
Aim of the work: Comparison between ranitidine and rebamipide to detect which mechanism is better in gastric mucosal protection after dexamethasone administration
Material and methods: Twenty male albino rats were included in this study, they were divided into four groups, control group, dexamethasone administrated group, dexamethasone and ranitidine administrated group, dexamethasone and rebamipide administrated group, each group contained five rats. The examined samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS and Alcian blue stains and TdT reaction, all of the results were statistically analyzed
Results: The result showed improvement of the gastric mucosa by using both of ranitidine and rebamipide as protective agents against injury induced by dexamethasone but the improvement was better in the group that was administrated rebamipide as indicated by better number of healthy cells, low numbers of damaged cells and better formed mucous barrier
Conclusion: The drug that stimulates mucous barrier formation is better than antisecretory drug in gastric mucosa protection
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Quinolones , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Rats , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Although mycoplasmas posses a very limited genome, little is known about their virulence mechanisms and methods of persistence in the host. The significant genome compaction that occurred in mycoplasma was made possible by adopting a parasitic mode of life. Demonstration of the correlation between urogenital infection and some Mycoplasma species. Also detection of some virulence genes of mycoplasma and ureaplasma isolates by PCR. Collection of urine, semen, vaginal swabs and synovial fluid from patients of urogenital manifestation with or without arthritis. Isolation of mycoplasma on the suitable media, identification of the isolates by using different biochemical tests, serological typing of the isolates by specific antisera and detection of some virulence genes by PCR. out of 524 examined samples 84 [16.03%] proved to be positive for mycoplasma by culture. The results revealed that most prevalent Mycoplasma species were M. genitalium [24.74%], M. hominis [23.71%], M. fermentans [38.13%] and U. urealyticum [13.40%] by using specific antisera. PCR technique were used for detection of some virulence gene [16SrRNA, P[1], and P[a] cytoadhesine and gyrA genes] of the isolated mycoplasma and ureaplasma. The results of this study is explained the role of mycoplasma in causing some urogenital infection due to some genes detected, these may responsible for different virulence potentials
ABSTRACT
Crude antigenic preparations from Setaria equina were used in ELISA and Western blotting to examine cross-reaction with human sera from areas endemic for bancroftian filariasis. Sera from normal subjects from non-endemic areas were included as negative controls. Cross-reaction was found between 5. equina antigens and antibodies in the sera of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients, with the highest levels observed between sera of chronic infected patients and Setaria spp. crude female worm surface antigen [CFSWA]. In the absence of active transmission of Setaria spp. infection, CFWSA is useful to detect chronic W. bancrofti infection before patients become symptomatic, particularly when chronic patients are known to be amicrofilaraemic. In the presence of active 5. equina infection, antigens from the adult and microfilaraemic stages showed the highest degree of cross-reaction with human sera
Subject(s)
Humans , Wuchereria bancrofti , Elephantiasis, Filarial/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Blotting, WesternABSTRACT
Lymphatic filariasis [LF] is targeted for worldwide elimination. In Yemen, all mainland implementation units met the WHO criteria for stopping mass drug administration [MDA] after 5 rounds. However, in Socotra Island these criteria were not met. Our study evaluated the efficacy of applying expanded polystyrene beads [EPBs] on the Culex population and the effect on LF transmission. Human and mosquito surveys were conducted in 40 randomly selected households in Hadibo [capital of Socotra] before and after application of EPBs. The EPBs intervention resulted in a reduction in mosquito density of 80% and a 64.3% reduction in microfilaria prevalence. The majority of interviewed households [98%] thought EPBs considerably reduced the mosquito population. After the intervention all collected pools tested negative. Application of EPBs is an effective supplement to MDA for achieving the goal of LF elimination
Subject(s)
Humans , Insecta , Polystyrenes , Mosquito Control/methods , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The aim of the present study is to investigate changes in the facial measurements of Assiut children at the selected ages. A total of 300 healthy child aged 6-11 years old participated in the study; they were taken from primary schools in Assiut City. Children were divided into 6 age groups; each age group included 50 children [25 boys and 25 girls]. Each child was subjected to the following measurements: facial height, upper facial height, lower facial height, upper facial width, lower facial width, maxillary facial depth and mandibular facial depth.. Results reveal that all facial parameters of boys are significantly higher than that of girls at all ages, but girls tend to grow faster than boys. It is also evident that most of facial parameters are correlated with each other. The pattern of facial growth of children in Assiut City indicates leptoprosopic [narrow] face type
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Face , ChildABSTRACT
The aim of the present study is to detect any existence of a relationship between the different cranial parameters during growth of children at the selected ages. A total of 300 healthy children aged 6-11 years participated in the study; they were taken from primary schools in Assiut City. Children were divided into 6 age groups; each age group included 50 children [25 boys and 25 girls]. Each child was subjected to the following measurements: head circumference, head length, head width, forehead width, head height and auricular height. Results revealed that all cranial parameters of boys were obviously higher than that of girls at all ages, but girls tend to grow faster than boys. It is also evident that head circumference correlated with head length at ages of 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 years. It is also correlated with head width at 6, 7, 9 and 10 years of age. In addition to that, the head length and head width were correlated with each other at 7, 9 and 10 years of age. This indicates that the increase in head circumference could be attributed mainly to the increase in both head length and head width. The pattern of head growth of children in Assiut City indicates mesocephalic [intermediate] head type
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , AnthropometryABSTRACT
Meat is considered of high nutritional value as it contain protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Nitrates and nitrites were used in meat products. The presence of nitrates and nitrites in foods may play a negative role in general health status. This study aimed to estimate the concentration levels of nitrite and nitrate in different meat and meat products that are available in Cairo Governorate markets and the effect of adding some antioxidant on the level of nitrates and nitrites in the products. The nitrate and nitrite contents were determined according to Griess methods. The results indicated that, sausage and kofta fresh samples tended to have the highest content of sodium nitrates, followed by burger. On contrast, luncheon fresh samples tended to have the lowest content of nitrates. As expected, after 30 and 60 days of storage, the level of nitrates has been significantly decreased, as compared to fresh samples. On contrast, the level of nitrites has been significantly increased, as compared to fresh samples. The investigated samples contained nitrite lower than the recommended safety limit proposed by Egyptian standards. With the exception of basterma samples the contained nitrites were higher than the recommended by Egyptian standard partially after storage. It should be noticed that, all investigated sausage samples treated with antioxidant [vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium] have nitrites in the amount lower than the recommended safety limit, even after storage for 60 days. All tested antioxidants had a good affect for lowering nitrate and nitrite contents for all investigated samples. It should be noted that vitamin C tended to have the most effect for reducing nitrites among all tested antioxidants followed by vitamin E
Subject(s)
Nitrites/adverse effects , Nitrates/adverse effects , Antioxidants , Ascorbic AcidABSTRACT
Combined Intramedullary Pinning and External Skeletal Fixation [CIPEF] together with open reduction approach were successful in repair of comminuted diaphyseal femoral fractures in heavy weight breeds of dogs [N=15 and weight>55 kg]. In the present study comminuted fractures were classified into two types; short and long. In the former, the seat of comminution restricted only on one third of the femoral diaphysis. While in the latter the seat of comminution was started at mid-shaft and extended to a short distance proximally or distally. The results emphasized on the necessity of 4 to 5 external fixator pins combined with two intramedullary pins for reconstruction of long comminuted fracture. However, in short type, 3 external fixator pins combined with two intramedullary pins were sufficient to achieve rigid stability at the fracture site. The use of CIPEF and open reduction approach gave very promising results in terms of, adequate alignment without deformities, rigid stability with minimal callus formation and early return to full limb function without fracture disease
Subject(s)
Dogs , Fracture Fixation/methods , Fractures, ComminutedABSTRACT
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the 5-year survival and prognostic factors for survival for 407 oropharyngeal cancer cases registered in the 3 main hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt, from 1996-2000. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 30.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that significant prognostic factors for survival were tumour stage [hazard ratio = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.41-11.72], tumour site and patient's age. Secondary prevention of oral cancers can be conducted through examination of the oral cavity to find precancerous and early cancerous lesions and hence improve survival
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Survival , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Prognosis , Survival Rate , Neoplasm Staging , Age Factors , Early Detection of Cancer , /pathologyABSTRACT
To assess posture stability using Computerized Dynamic Posturography [CDP] in patients with both unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty [TKA] and to study the Berg balance scale [BBS] as balance functional impairment of patients with TKA one and three months after rehabilitation training program. A total of 30 patients with TKA 18 with unilateral and 12 with bilateral TKA with a mean age of 58 +/- 5.5 years they were 22 females and 8 males They were collected three months after doing the operation. Ten age and sex matched healthy volunteers as a controls group All patients were examined clinically and neurologically and postural assessment was done for patients and controls then patients received a rehabilitation training program for three months Patients were evaluated for postural stability using the BBS and dynamic posturography one and 3 months after rehabilitation training program. Our data demonstrated that there was a statistically significant increase in Berge balance scale three months after treatment in patients with TKA Moreover, a high significant increase was observed for the composite equilibrium score [ES] after three months. Both unilateral and bilateral TKA patients showed improvements in balance, stability and function after a balance training program for 3 months
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postural Balance , ProprioceptionABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of a modified surgical technique, designed to limit the increase in intramedullary pressure during insertion of the prosthesis and to reduce intra-operative embolic events. Forty patients treated with total hip replacement in Tanta university hospitals divided into 2 groups [group 1] treated with conventional cementing technique and [group 2] treated with a modified cementing technique with a cannula inserted into the intertrochanteric region of the femur to decrease the intramedullary pressure to avoid the increase of the intramedullary pressure after application of the cement and insertion of the stem. There was a significant difference between the incidence of embolism and increased pulmonary artery pressure [detected by trans-thoracic Echocardiography] between both groups of patients where the incidence of both were found to be much lower when the modified technique was used. Also the changes in the hemodynamic parameters [heart rate, blood pressure, and central venous pressure] accompanying the appearance of emboli in Echocardiography especially grades 2 and 3 embolism were found to be significant in the conventional cementing group [p<0.05]. The changes in the respiratory parameters [decreased oxygen saturation, decreased arterial oxygen tension, decreased end tidal CO2, and increased arterial CO2] accompanying the appearance of emboli in Echocardiography especially grades 2 and 3 embolism were found to be significant in the conventional cementing group [p<0.05]. Modified surgical technique [A vacuum drainage of the proximal femur along the linea aspera] was found to be effectively reducing the incidence of embolization during cemented hip arthroplasty
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Incidence , Echocardiography , Hemodynamics , Intraoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Mercury compounds are widely used in several industries. Such compounds can find their way to the environment causing its pollution. Mercury is considered as a powerful carcinogenic agent. On the other side, the garlic extract is characterized by having compounds of specific anticarcinogenic action. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate both the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mercuric chloride and to evaluate the therapeutic and/or prophylactic role of diallyl disulphide [DADS] on mercuric chloride-intoxicated rats. Experimental animals were divided into three main groups, keeping the 1st group as a healthy control. The 2nd group was a DADS post-treated one; receiving HgCl2 orally three times/week at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw for three weeks, then DADS three times/week at an oral dose of 80 mg/kg bw for three weeks. The 3rd group was a pre-treated one, which received DADS then HgCl2 at the same doses and the same periods mentioned in the 2nd group. The results showed that mercuric chloride has a mutagenic activity reflected in its highly significant effects on cell-cycle kinetics and frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Also, AST and ALT enzyme activities were highly significantly increased whereas ALP and AChE activities were highly significantly decreased in the serum of HgCl2-intoxicated rats. Moreover, while glucose and total cholesterol were increased after HgCl2 intoxication, total protein was decreased. These effects were much more inhibited in rats firstly treated with DADS then HgCl2 than in those treated with HgCl2 then DADS. The results reflected that DADS has a potential prophylactic activity against HgCl2 toxicity. This could be probably related to its strong antioxidant nature and Hg-binding activity
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Garlic , Plant Extracts , Mercuric Chloride/toxicity , Rats , Mutagens , Cytotoxins , Cytogenetic AnalysisABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide [NO] donor L-arginine and consequently the NO on the early of liver damage and biochemical changes in rats Injected with CCL[4], Thirty two male albino rats weighing 180-220 g studied and divided into four groups. Group 1 rats were not injected or treated with any drug [control, n = 8]. Group 2 rats were injected with CCL[4] for 6 weeks [CCL[4] treated, n = 8]. Group 3 rats were injected with CCL[4] and L- arginine for 6 weeks [CCL[4]/L-argioina treated, n = 8]. Group 4 rats were injected with L-arginine and L-NAME intraperitoneal for 6 weeks [CCL[4]/L-arginine and L-NAME treated]. After 2 weeks of study, blood samples were collected for determination of activities of Alanine-transferase [ALT], aspartate amino-transferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AP] and the concentrations of total bilirubin. At the end of study the right lobe of liver was removed and divided into 2 pieces. The first piece used for histopathological examination by light microscopy and the second piece used for determination of NO concentration in tissue, The serum bilirubin and liver enzymes significantly increased in CCL[4] treated, and CCL[4]-L arginine and L-NANE treated groups in comparison with the control group, However, the liver enzymes were significantly in CCL[4]/L-arginine treated group in comparison with CCL[4] treated and CCL[4]/L-arginine and L-NAME treated groups. In the CCL[4] treated and CCL[4]/L-arginine and L-NAME treated groups the total nitrite [NOx] concentrations were significantly lower than in CCL[4]/untreated and CCL[4]/L-arginine treated groups. Histological Activity index Scores of the CCL[4]treated and CCL[4]/L-arginine and L-NAME treated groups were higher than in control group and CCL[4]/L-arginine treated groups. The degree of necro-inflammation and fibrosis showed significant difference between the CCL[4] and CCL[4]/L-arginine treated groups. In conclusion, the NO donor, L-arginine improved hepatic cell damage and fibrosis and positively affect serum amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase mostly through increasing the concentrations of NOx in hepatic tissue
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Liver/pathology , Histology , Rats , Models, Animal , Nitric Oxide Donors , Arginine , Protective Agents , Treatment Outcome , Liver Function TestsABSTRACT
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has been reported to decrease body weight by increasing thermogenesis and lipid oxidation. Also, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Its relation to the metabolic changes and some cardiovascular risk factors in thyroid dysfunction states is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adiponectin levels and its relation to metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in rats with thyroid dysfunction. The study was carried out on 32 adult male Wi-star rats that were divided into 4 groups [8 rats each]. Group 1 included normal rats [Euthyroid], group 2 included rats treated with 0.03% methimazole in the drinking water for 28 days [hypothyroid rats], group Ill included rats injected subcutaneously with thyroxine [50 microg/100 g body weight] for 10 days [hyperthyroid rats], group IV included hypothyroid rats injected intraperitoneal with adiponectin [1.5 mg/kg body weight] for 7 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of experiments by decapitating the rats. The following parameters were measured: serum adiponectin, serum T3, T4 and TSH levels, insulin level, fasting blood glucose, atherogenic indices [serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, fibrinogen] and C-reactive protein. Insulin sensitivity was determined using the Homoestasis Model Assessment [HOMA-IR]. Serum adiponectin level in hyperthyroid rats was 2.9 fold higher than that of euthyroid [P<0.0001], while that in hypothyroid rats tended to be lower [20%] but without statistical significance. Serum adiponectin had a positive correlation with serum thyroxine and negative association with serum TSH [P<0.05]. Also, adiponectin levels correlated negatively with body weight. In the hypothyroid group adiponectin level correlated negatively with HOMA-IR [P<0.05]. There was a significant correlation between adiponectin and HDL-C, and CRP in both hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. Adiponectin administration produced significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and significant increase in HDL-C in hypothyroid rats. The results of our study demonstrated that, in rats; thyroid hormone disturbances modified serum adiponectin concentration and there was a significant relationship between adiponectin level and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Also, there is a possible role for adiponectin in cardiovascular protection through its effects on low grade inflammation and insulin resistance in cases of thyroid disorders
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Rats, Wistar , Models, Animal , Hypothyroidism , Hyperthyroidism , Risk Factors , Adiponectin , Thyroid Function Tests , Cholesterol , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
One hundred and twelve Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were isolated from 436 different clinical specimens collected from patients attending different hospitals in El-Minia governorate. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of the isolated Ps. aeruginosa isolates to quinolones were studied and results revealed higher percentage of resistance ranged from 22.32% to 75%. gatifloxacin was the most active quinolone against the tested isolates as the percentage of resistance was 22.32% while nalidixic acid was the least active one as the percentage of resistance was 75%. The percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin was 41.96%, 47.32% and 49.1% respectively. Co - resistance to other chemically unrelated antibiotics was also studied and the result showed that, more than 90% of the tested Ps. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to amoxycillin, chlormphenicol and tetracyline. On the other hand, variable levels of resistance were obtained for gentamicin, azithromycin, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. Interestingly, all the tested Ps. aeruginosa isolates were 100% sensitive to amikacin. Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed multiple drug resistance patterns to quinolones and other antibiotics were selected to study the possible mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Efflux mechanisms was studied flourometerically and the results revealed presence of active efflux pumps in the tested isolates as indicated by the increase in the fluorescence of N-phenyl-1-Naphthylamine [NPN] after preincubation of the cells with the efflux inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP]. Also, examination of outer membrane proteins in the tested isolates revealed over production of outer membrane proteins of an apparent molecular mass of 50 KDa and 54 KDa suggesting the role of these proteins in quinolones resistance. In addition to the absence of outer membrane protein of molecular mass 46 KDa which aids the intake of the quinolones into the bacterial cells. In conclusion, quinolones resistance in Ps. aeruginosa were associated with multidrug efflux pumps and alteration in the outer membrane proteins